希臘古蹟篇2 - Acropolis (updated)

再上衛城是今次(2007 三月)在希臘的另一願望，

人算不如天算, 弄了隻天蠶腳後，仍然想！

有者事境成，拗柴後用拐仗一拐一拐的拐上去！

不須坐車也上到了!

 

現代人走路上衛城也感吃力，希臘人怎麼把大石搬運上衛城？


衛城有什麼咁吸引？拗柴後用拐仗一拐一拐的也要拐上去？

每一石一柱也是人類文化、歷史的見證！是不可分割的部份。

 

這是再前一年的東正教復活節當天，衛城沒有開放,

只好遠望, 今次第三次下定決心要上！ 一拐一拐也要拐上去，

因為水晶晶希望泰狄熊可以在衛城再說一遍心底語-

愛的宣言，如上次在 Cape Sunio 的懸崖邊，

在衛城便更加有意思！
 
Amphitheatre

泰狄熊拍的照片Theatre of Herodes Atticus

上衛城前最是要經過這古代劇場 Theatre of Herodes Atticus,

建於AD 161 年，1955年才翻修，現在夏天用作戶外音樂會，

物盡其用！能在古遺址內欣賞一場音樂會真的要機緣巧合。




During the Classical period (450-330 B.C.) three important temples were erected on the ruins of earlier ones: the Parthenon, the Erechtheion, and the Temple of Nike , dedicated to Athena Parthenos, Athena Polias, and Athena-Apteros Nike, respectively.



The Propylaea, the monumental entrance to the sacred area was also constructed in the same period. The monuments on the Acropolis reflect the successive phases of the city's history. Some of them were converted into Christian churches, houses of the Franks and later on, of the Turks. After the liberation of Athens from the Turks, the protection, restoration and conservation of the monuments was one of the first tasks of the newly-founded Greek state. This major effort is continued until today, with the large-scale restoration and supporting of the monuments, which started in the 1970's and is still in progress. The first excavations on the hill were conducted between 1835 and 1837. More systematic work was carried out in 1885-1890 by Panagiotis Kavvadias.

現代人走路上衛城也感吃力，希臘人怎麼把大石搬運上衛城？
雖然並非原整，像中國的萬里長城，一個歷史記號。

每次站在這裡也會想起英國人的可恥，偷走搶走大部份無價文物！

 
The Parthenon


The Parthenon. It is the most important and characteristic monument of the ancient Greek civilization and still remains its international symbol. It was dedicated to Athena Parthenos (the Virgin), the patron goddess of Athens . It was built between 447 and 438 B.C. and its sculptural decoration was completed in 432 B.C. The construction of the monument was initiated by Perikles, the supervisor of the whole work was Pheidias, the famous Athenian sculptor, while Iktinos (or Ictinus) and Kallikrates (Callicrates) were the architects of the building. The temple is built in the Doric order and almost exclusively of Pentelic marble. It is peripteral, with eight columns on each of the narrow sides and seventeen columns on each of the long ones. The central part of the temple, called the cella, sheltered the famous chryselephantine cult statue of Athena, made by Pheidias.

The rest of sculptural decoration, also by Phidias, were completed by 432 BC. The sculptural decoration of the Parthenon is a unique combination of the Doric metopes and triglyphs on the entablature, and the Ionic frieze on the walls of the cella. The metopes depict the Gigantomachy on the east side, the Amazonomachy on the west, the Centauromachy on the south, and scenes from the Trojan War on the north.

The Parthenon, the Doric temple, the pinnacle of Pericles' building programme, is beyond question the building most closely associated with the city of Athens, a true symbol of ancient Greek culture and its universal values.

   又系泰狄熊拍的照片

The Erechtheion

The Erechtheion is located on the north of the hill of the Acropolis. It is an elaborate building in the Ionic style, constructed between 421 and 405 BC. It has a prostasis on the east side, a monumental propylon on the north, and the famous porch of the Caryatids on the south. The main temple was divided into two sections, dedicated to the worship of the two principal gods of Attica , Athena and Poseidon-Erechtheus. A relief frieze, bearing a representation possibly of the birth of Erechtheus, decorated the exterior of the building.

To the south-west is the famous porch with the Caryatids, of which one is exhibited in the British Museum ; the remaining are on display in the Acropolis Museum . On the monument itself casts replace the originals.

Porch of the Caryatids --最愛這些由石柱改成雕塑

原來的四個在 Acropolis  博物院內保存，不用日曬雨淋！ 





The Temple of Athena Nike

The Temple of Athena Nike (Featherless Victory) is situated southwest of the Entrance, on a rampart protecting the main entrace of the Acropolis. It was constructed in ca. 420 B.C. by the architect Kallikrates. It is built in the Ionic order, and it is amphiprostyle with a row of four columns in front of each of its narrow sides. The relief frieze on the upper section of the walls depicts the conference of gods on the east side, and scenes from battles on the other three. A marble parapet decorated with the relief representation of Nikae (Victories), protected the edge of the Bastion on which the temple was erected.

The Propylaea. T

The monumental gateway of the Acropolis was designed by the architect Mnesikles and constructed in 437-432 B.C. It comprises a central building and two lateral wings. The colonnades along the west and east sides had a row of Doric columns while two rows of Ionic columns divided the central corridor into three parts. The walls of the north wing were decorated with painted panels or wall paintings and that is why it was called the "Pinakotheke". The ceiling of the Propylaea had coffers with painted decoration and a perforated sima around the roof.